adj.(形容词)

1. （手感）粗糙的，毛糙的
2. 严厉的
3. 刺耳的，难听的，不和谐的
4. 严酷的，严峻的；艰苦的，艰巨的
5. 残酷的
6. 苛刻的，无情的
7. 强烈刺眼的
8. 丑陋的，粗陋的，不优美的
9. 刺激性强的
10. （天气或生活环境）恶劣的
11. （味道）涩口的，苦涩的，难吃的
12. 荒芜的，不毛的
13. （气味）难闻的，刺鼻的
14. 生硬的
15. 喘哮的；喘哮声的

adj.(形容词)

1. 刺耳的,刺眼的; 粗糙的 unpleasant or painful to the senses
2. 严厉的,严酷的 showing cruelty and a lack of sympathy

Adjective:

1. unpleasantly stern;

   "wild and harsh country full of hot sand and cactus"
   "the nomad life is rough and hazardous"
   

2. disagreeable to the senses;

   "the harsh cry of a blue jay"
   "harsh cognac"
   "the harsh white light makes you screw up your eyes"
   "harsh irritating smoke filled the hallway"
   

3. of textures that are rough to the touch or substances consisting of relatively large particles;

   "coarse meal"
   "coarse sand"
   "a coarse weave"
   

4. unkind or cruel or uncivil;

   "had harsh words"
   "a harsh and unlovable old tyrant"
   "a rough answer"
   

5. severe;

   "a harsh penalty"
   

6. sharply disagreeable; rigorous;

   "the harsh facts of court delays"
   "an abrasive character"
   

1.（气候或条件）艰苦的，恶劣的，严峻的
harsh climates or conditions are very difficult for people, animals, and plants to live in.

e.g. The weather grewharsh, chilly and unpredictable.
天气变得恶劣、寒冷且变化莫测。
e.g. ...theharsh desert environment.
恶劣的沙漠环境

harshness
...the harshness of their living conditions.
他们艰苦的生活条件

2.（言行）严厉的，无情的
harsh actions or speech are unkind and show no understanding or sympathy.

e.g. ...the cold,harsh cruelty of her husband...
她丈夫冷酷无情的残忍
e.g. He said manyharsh and unkind things about his opponents.
他以尖刻恶毒的语言大肆抨击自己的对手。

harshly
She's been told that her husband is being harshly treated in prison...
她被告知自己的丈夫正在监狱里遭受虐待。
'Why didn't you tell me before?' asked Hunter harshly.
“你为什么不早告诉我？”亨特厉声问道。harshness
...treating him with great harshness.
非常严厉地对待他

3.粗陋的;刺目的;粗糙的
Something that isharsh is so hard, bright, or rough that it seems unpleasant or harmful.

e.g. Tropical colours may look ratherharsh in our dull northern light.
热带色彩在我们北方暗淡的光线下可能显得有点刺目。
e.g. ...harsher detergents that can leave hair brittle.
会让发质变脆弱的刺激性较强的洗发水

harshness
...as the wine ages, losing its bitter harshness.
酒越放越醇

4.（声音）刺耳的，难听的
harsh voices and sounds are ones that are rough and unpleasant to listen to.

e.g. It's a pity she has such a loudharsh voice.
可惜她的嗓门太大太难听了。

harshly
Chris laughed harshly.
克里斯笑得很刺耳。harshness
Then in a tone of abrupt harshness, he added, 'Open these trunks!'.
然后他又突然厉声说道，“把这些大箱子打开！”

5.（现实、真相）残酷的，无情的
If you talk aboutharsh realities or facts, or theharsh truth, you are emphasizing that they are true or real, although they are unpleasant and people try to avoid thinking about them.

e.g. Theharsh truth is that luck plays a big part in who will live or die.
残酷的事实是，谁死谁活在很大程度上要靠运气。

1. 粗糙：或者 是,如果你的拾音器声音比较粗糙(harsh),你可以考虑选用声音比较温暖的琴身. 第三:虽然洋槐(koa),斑马木(zebrawood)及其他一些外国木材可以制作精美的家具 ,而事实上几乎所有世界上最成功最有自己特色的吉他大师们还是使用平常的木材诸如 白蜡,

2. 严酷的,严厉的;难听的：diversion 消遣,转移 |harsh 严酷的,严厉的;难听的 | frontier 前沿,新领域;边境

3.

3. 严酷的;刺耳的：note 指出;记录 |harsh 严酷的;刺耳的 | odds 可能性,机会;冲突

Yorke himself has a harsh face.

约克本人长着张粗糙的脸。

The punishment was too harsh for him.

这种惩罚对他来说太严厉了。

He had deliberately made his voice harsh.

他故意嘶哑着嗓门。

Alec laughed harshly.

亚历克刺耳地大笑。

harsh detergents

刺激性强的洗涤剂

She was treated very harshly.

她受到了苛刻的对待。

a harsh voice

刺耳的嗓音

the harsh lines of concrete buildings

混凝土建筑物的粗陋线条

She was caught in the harsh glare of the headlights.

她遭到车前灯的强光照射。

harsh colours

扎眼的色彩

the harsh conditions of poverty which existed for most people at that time

那时大多数人所面对的艰苦境况

a harsh winter'/wind'/climate

寒冷的冬天；凛冽的风；恶劣的气候

We had to face up to the harsh realities of life sooner or later.

我们迟早都得正视生活的严酷现实。

He regretted his harsh words.

他对自己的刻薄言辞感到后悔。

the harsh treatment of slaves

对奴隶的虐待

The minister received some harsh criticism .

部长受到了严厉的批评。

The punishment was harsh and unfair.

处罚很重而且不公平。

The harsh truth is that luck plays a big part in who will live or die.

残酷的事实是，谁死谁活在很大程度上要靠运气。

It's a pity she has such a loud harsh voice.

可惜她的嗓门太大太难听了。

...harsher detergents that can leave hair brittle.

会让发质变脆弱的刺激性较强的洗发水

Tropical colours may look rather harsh in our dull northern light.

热带色彩在我们北方暗淡的光线下可能显得有点刺目。

He said many harsh and unkind things about his opponents.

他以尖刻恶毒的语言大肆抨击自己的对手。

...the cold, harsh cruelty of her husband...

她丈夫冷酷无情的残忍

...the harsh desert environment.

恶劣的沙漠环境

The weather grew harsh, chilly and unpredictable.

天气变得恶劣、寒冷且变化莫测。

We always advocated cross - Straits dialogues and negotiations on the basis of the one - China principle.

我们一贯主张在一个中国原则基础上开展两岸对话与谈判.

The lamp gave out a harsh light.

灯发出刺眼的光.

The decision by the headmaster was called in doubt by some of the teachers who thought it unnecessarily harsh.

有些教师对校长的决定存有异议,他们认为没有必要那么严厉.

用作定语～+ n.

1. The lamp gave out a harsh light.
   灯发出刺眼的光。
2. The desk has a harsh surface.
   这书桌表面粗糙。
3. He received a harsh punishment from his history teacher yesterday.
   昨天他受到历史老师严厉的惩罚。
4. The critics had nothing but harsh words for the new play.
   批评家对那个新剧本只有苛刻的批评。

用作表语S+be+～

1. His voice sounds very harsh.
   他的声音很刺耳。
2. The sunlight is very harsh.
   太阳光很刺眼。

S+be+～+ prep .-phrase

1. The teacher is harsh to his students.
   那个老师对他的学生很严格。
2. You are too harsh to me.
   你对我太苛刻了。
3. The cloth is harsh to the touch.
   这布手感很粗糙。

～+名词

• harsh%20discipline%E3%80%94punishments%E3%80%95">harsh discipline〔punishments〕严厉的纪律〔处罚〕

～+介词

• harsh%20to%20the%20ear">be harsh to the ear刺耳
• harsh%20to%20the%20taste">be harsh to the taste味涩
• harsh%20to%20the%20touch">be harsh to the touch摸上去粗糙
• harsh%20with">be harsh with对…严厉

• A few harsh-coated breeds need no trimming.

  出自：W. Boorer

adj.(形容词)

harsh, coarse, rough, rude

这组词的共同意思是“粗鲁的”“粗糙的”。其区别在于：

1.rough强调言行是粗鲁的。例如:

Many a rough man has been civilized by his wife.许多粗野的男人都被妻子教好了。

Don't be so rough with the child.不要对小孩这样粗暴。

His manners are very rough.他的举止非常无礼。

2.rude强调其源于教育差、文化低。例如:

It's rude to peep.偷看别人是不礼貌的。

He was severely reproached for his rude behaviour.他因行为粗鲁而受到严厉指责。

All of us were astonished that Mr. White was so rude to him.怀特先生对他如此无礼,使我们都感到惊异。

3.coarse则强调由于粗鲁而引起的厌恶心理。例如:

He is coarse in manner.他举止粗鲁。

It's a coarse joke.这是个粗俗的玩笑。

She used to be coarse of speech.她过去说话很粗鲁。

4.harsh侧重于指给人以感官上的粗糙、不和谐的感觉。例如:

The colour is very harsh.那颜色很刺眼。

The cloth is harsh to the touch.这块布料摸上去很粗糙。

The noise is harsh to the ear.那噪声很刺耳。

The surface of the table is very harsh.那张桌子的表面非常粗糙。

rough，coarse，harsh，rude，crude

这些形容词均有“粗糙”之意。

rough普通用词，指某物表面凹凸不平，天气恶劣，（态度）粗暴，（计算)粗略。

coarse指某物质地低劣或编织、加工等不精细。也指(言谈)粗俗。

harsh指外表、性质、声音的粗糙、刺耳、刺目，强调使人不愉快感。

rude指加工粗糙、不精细。尤指行为举止粗鲁无礼，缺乏修养。

crude主要指未经加工处理尚处于自然状态的物质；食物或水果的不熟。

• ☆ 16世纪30年代进入英语，直接源自中古低地日耳曼语的harske，意为粗的，生的。