adj.(形容词)

1. 粗糙的，表面不平的
2. 粗暴的，粗野的，粗鲁的
3. 狂暴的，汹涌的
4. 艰难的
5. 粗略的，不够精细的，粗陋的
6. 剧烈的
7. 蓬乱的
8. 需要体力的
9. 烈性的
10. 令人不快的
11. 刺耳的
12. 朴实简单的
13. 毛茸茸的
14. 高低不平的，崎岖的

adv.(副词)

1. 粗暴地，粗鲁地，粗野地
2. 粗糙地
3. 简朴地
4. 粗略地

n.(名词)

1. 草图，草样，草稿
2. 深草区
3. 未加工状态
4. 暴徒，粗暴的人，粗野的人
5. 高低不平的地面，崎岖不平的地面
6. 艰难，苦难
7. 粗糙的东西，粗制品
8. 防滑钉
9. 【高尔夫】障碍区域
10. 虐待
11. 粗矿

v.(动词)

1. 弄粗，弄粗糙，使粗糙，使不平
2. 殴打，粗暴对待，虐待，粗鲁行事
3. 使蓬乱
4. 弄成崎岖不平
5. 弄成乱七八糟，搅乱
6. 草草作成，粗制，制…的毛坯
7. 使略具雏形
8. 装防滑钉
9. 讲粗鲁话，粗暴地说
10. 惹怒，使发脾气
11. 写概略，拟定大体的计划
12. 暂时过艰苦的生活，渡过暂时的难关
13. 画...的轮廓
14. 粗暴对待，在橄榄球等运动中对对方队员采取粗暴行动

adj.(形容词)

1. 粗糙的 having an uneven surface; not smooth
2. 粗野的,粗暴的 showing a lack of gentleness, good manners, orconsideration etc.
3. 混乱的,暴乱的,喧闹的 not gentle or tuneful
4. 艰难的,不愉快的 unfortunate and unfair; unwell
5. 粗略的,大致的 done or made without attention to detail or exactness; approximate
6. 未加工的,粗制的 not delicate or comfortable; simple
7. 狂暴的,汹涌的 stormy and violent; not calm

adv.(副词)

1. 简陋地 in uncomfortable condition
2. 粗暴地 using force
3. 大致地 not in a gentle way

v.(动词)

1. vt. 使粗糙 make untidy or uneven
2. vt. 过简陋的生活 live without the usual comforts and conveniences of life

Noun:

1. the part of a golf course bordering the fairway where the grass is not cut short

Adjective:

1. having or caused by an irregular surface;

   "trees with rough bark"
   "rough ground"
   "rough skin"
   "rough blankets"
   "his unsmooth face"
   

2. (of persons or behavior) lacking refinement or finesse;

   "she was a diamond in the rough"
   "rough manners"
   

3. not quite exact or correct;

   "the approximate time was 10 o'clock"
   "a rough guess"
   "a ballpark estimate"
   

4. full of hardship or trials;

   "the rocky road to success"
   "they were having a rough time"
   

5. violently agitated and turbulent;

   "boisterous winds and waves"
   "the fierce thunders roar me their music"
   "rough weather"
   "rough seas"
   

6. unpleasantly harsh or grating in sound;

   "a gravelly voice"
   

7. ready and able to resort to force or violence;

   "pugnacious spirits...lamented that there was so little prospect of an exhilarating disturbance"
   "they were rough and determined fighting men"
   

8. of the margin of a leaf shape; having the edge cut or fringed or scalloped

9. causing or characterized by jolts and irregular movements;

   "a rough ride"
   

10. not shaped by cutting or trimming;

    "an uncut diamond"
    "rough gemstones"
    

11. not carefully or expertly made;

    "managed to make a crude splint"
    "a crude cabin of logs with bark still on them"
    "rough carpentry"
    

12. not perfected;

    "a rough draft"
    "a few rough sketches"
    

13. unpleasantly stern;

    "wild and harsh country full of hot sand and cactus"
    "the nomad life is rough and hazardous"
    

14. unkind or cruel or uncivil;

    "had harsh words"
    "a harsh and unlovable old tyrant"
    "a rough answer"
    

Adverb:

1. with roughness or violence (`rough' is an informal variant for `roughly');

   "he was pushed roughly aside"
   "they treated him rough"
   

2. with rough motion as over a rough surface;

   "ride rough"
   

Verb:

1. prepare in preliminary or sketchy form

1.(表面)粗糙不平的，不光滑的
If a surface isrough, it is uneven and not smooth.

e.g. His hands wererough and calloused, from years of karate practice...
由于多年练习空手道，他的双手粗糙不平，布满老茧。
e.g. Grace made her way slowly across therough ground.
格雷斯缓慢地走过高低不平的地面。

roughness
She rested her cheek against the roughness of his jacket.
她把脸颊靠在他粗糙的夹克上。

2.(人或行为)粗暴的，粗野的，粗鲁的
You say that people or their actions arerough when they use too much force and not enough care or gentleness.

e.g. Rugby's arough game at the best of times...
即使是在比赛最不激烈的时候，橄榄球也是一种粗野的运动。
e.g. They have complained of discrimination and occasionalrough treatment.
他们抗议遭受歧视，而且偶尔还会遭到粗暴的对待。

roughly
A hand roughly pushed him aside.
一只手粗鲁地把他推到了一边。roughness
He regretted his roughness.
他对自己的粗鲁感到后悔。

3.(地区、城市、学校等)危险的，充斥暴力的，犯罪率高的
Arough area, city, school, or other place is unpleasant and dangerous because there is a lot of violence or crime there.

e.g. It was quite arough part of our town.
这是我们城里犯罪率很高的地区。

4.(日子)艰难的，困难的，不愉快的
If you say that someone has had arough time, you mean that they have had some difficult or unpleasant experiences.

e.g. All women have arough time in our society...
在我们的社会中，所有女性的日子都不好过。
e.g. Tomorrow, he knew, would be arough day.
他知道明天将会是艰难的一天。

5.身体不适的;不舒服的
If you feelrough, you feel ill.

e.g. The virus won't go away and the lad is still feeling a bitrough.
病毒无法清除，这个小伙子仍然觉得有点不舒服。

6.(计算、猜测)大概的，粗略的，不精确的
Arough calculation or guess is approximately correct, but not exact.

rough的近义词

e.g. We were only able to make arough estimate of how much fuel would be required...
我们只能对所需燃料作一个粗略的估计。
e.g. As arough guide, a horse needs 2.5 per cent of his body weight in food every day.
作为一个大致的参照，一匹马每天需要吃相当于其体重2.5％的食物。

roughly
Gambling and tourism pay roughly half the entire state budget...
博彩业和旅游业支撑着整个国家约一半的财政预算。
The Ukraine is roughly equal to France in size and population.
乌克兰的面积和人口与法国大致相当。
...a period of very roughly 30 million years.
非常粗略地算作3,000万年的一段时间

7.(想法、描述)粗略的，简略的，大致的;(图画)简笔的
If you give someone arough idea, description, or drawing of something, you indicate only the most important features, without much detail.

rough的解释

e.g. I've got arough idea of what he looks like...
我已经大致知道他长什么样子了。
e.g. It often helps to make arough sketch showing where the vehicles were.
画一个简略的草图标示车辆当时所在的位置往往很有用。

roughly
He knew roughly what was about to be said...
他大概知道要说些什么。
roughly speaking, a scientific humanist is somebody who believes in science and in humanity but not in God.
简单来讲，科学人道主义者是相信科学和人道主义而不相信上帝的人。

8.做工粗糙的;不精致的;简陋的
You can say that something isrough when it is not neat and well made.

e.g. ...arough wooden table.
做工粗糙的木桌子
e.g. ...chairs set in arough circle in the middle of the room.
房间中央大致围成一圈的椅子

roughly
roughly chop the tomatoes and add them to the casserole.
把西红柿大致切一切，然后放到炖锅里。
...houses, roughly painted white or blue.
简单刷成白色或蓝色的房子

9.(天气)恶劣的，狂风暴雨的;(海面)波浪滔天的
If the sea or the weather at sea isrough, the weather is windy or stormy and there are very big waves.

e.g. A fishing vessel and a cargo ship collided inrough seas.
一艘捕鱼船和一艘货船在波涛汹涌的海上相撞了。

10.风餐露宿地;无家可归地;流浪地
When people sleep or liverough, they sleep out of doors, usually because they have no home.

e.g. It makes me so sad when I see young people begging or sleepingrough on the streets.
我看到年轻人沿街乞讨、露宿街头，心里会非常难过。

11.过（从前没有过的）艰苦的生活
If you have torough it, you have to live without the possessions and comforts that you normally have.

e.g. You won't beroughing it; each room comes equipped with a telephone and a 3-channel radio.
你不会过得太艰苦;每个房间都配备了一部电话和一台可以接收3个频道的收音机。

12. rough justice -> see justice

相关词组：rough outrough up

1. rough的翻译

1. 粗略：人 类视觉捕捉景物的时候,先粗略(rough),后细节(fine)的习惯,被研究图像视觉的采用. 2点采样使用的情况,则整体图像被不断的1/2边长划 分,不同的图像(矩阵)构成了不同分辨率的尺度空间(我们理解为不同层面的矩阵),尺度,Scale,

2. 粗糙的：所制作完成之快速原型件表面是粗糙的(rough),必须经过后续加工(post processing),才可进行快速模具(rapid tooling)的应用. 4. 很难制作出尺寸微细之原型件,此缺失受限于原型件必须剥离废料之后才可取出,

3. 粗草区：(10) 粗草区(rough)在球道的两旁的深草称为粗草区,该区也属到果领通道. ,(11) 球洞(Hole)设在果领内的圆洞,用以接纳落入之球. 直径(108mm)四英寸1/4长,最小四英寸深. (100mm)(12) 比赛杆(Strake play)以击球的总杆数相比较,

The rough road made the car vibrate.

崎岖不平的道路使车颠簸得很厉害。

You'd better give us a rough idea of your price.

您最好给我们一个粗略的价格。

It is only a rough guide to ideal weight.

这只是一个实现理想体重的粗略的办法。

They complained rough handling by the police.

他们抱怨受到警察粗野的对待。

I feel a bit rough--I'm going to bed.

我有点儿不舒服－－想去睡觉了。

He is now able to play rough and tumble with the other kids.

现在他可以粗暴地摔倒其他孩子了。

I think that new singer is a diamond in the rough.

我觉得那个新歌手是块未经雕琢的玉。

Write it in rough and then copy it.

先起草再誊写。

We only saw the new painting in the rough.

我们只见过那幅新画未完成时的样子。

Micro-exfoliators help slough away rough, dull, uneven skin for a more radiant complexion.

细腻的磨砂颗粒帮助去除被溶解的角质，使粗糙晦暗不均匀的皮肤重现柔嫩和光泽。

The gang decided to rough him up,as a warning to others.

暴徒们决定揍他一顿，作为对别人的警告。

rough ground

高低不平的地面

The skin on her hands was hard and rough.

她手上的皮肤粗糙而没有弹性。

Trim rough edges with a sharp knife.

用锋利的刀将参差不齐的边切齐。

a rough calculation'/estimate of the cost

对成本的粗略计算 / 估计

I've got a rough idea of where I want to go.

我大致知道我想去哪里了。

There were about 20 people there, at a rough guess .

那里约计有20人。

a rough draft of a speech

讲话草稿

a rough sketch

草图

This watch is not designed for rough treatment.

这块手表不可重拿重放。

They complained of rough handling by the guards.

他们投诉警卫对他们动粗了。

rough kids

粗野的小孩

Don't try any rough stuff with me!

别想对我撒野！

the roughest neighbourhood in the city

城市最危险的街区

His hands were rough and calloused, from years of karate practice...

由于多年练习空手道，他的双手粗糙不平，布满老茧。

Grace made her way slowly across the rough ground.

格雷斯缓慢地走过高低不平的地面。

Rugby's a rough game at the best of times...

即使是在比赛最不激烈的时候，橄榄球也是一种粗野的运动。

They have complained of discrimination and occasional rough treatment.

他们抗议遭受歧视，而且偶尔还会遭到粗暴的对待。

It was quite a rough part of our town.

这是我们城里犯罪率很高的地区。

All women have a rough time in our society...

在我们的社会中，所有女性的日子都不好过。

Tomorrow, he knew, would be a rough day.

他知道明天将会是艰难的一天。

The virus won't go away and the lad is still feeling a bit rough.

病毒无法清除，这个小伙子仍然觉得有点不舒服。

We were only able to make a rough estimate of how much fuel would be required...

我们只能对所需燃料作一个粗略的估计。

As a rough guide, a horse needs 2.5 per cent of his body weight in food every day.

作为一个大致的参照，一匹马每天需要吃相当于其体重2.5％的食物。

I've got a rough idea of what he looks like...

我已经大致知道他长什么样子了。

It often helps to make a rough sketch showing where the vehicles were.

画一个简略的草图标示车辆当时所在的位置往往很有用。

...a rough wooden table.

做工粗糙的木桌子

...chairs set in a rough circle in the middle of the room.

房间中央大致围成一圈的椅子

A fishing vessel and a cargo ship collided in rough seas.

一艘捕鱼船和一艘货船在波涛汹涌的海上相撞了。

It makes me so sad when I see young people begging or sleeping rough on the streets.

我看到年轻人沿街乞讨、露宿街头，心里会非常难过。

You won't be roughing it; each room comes equipped with a telephone and a 3-channel radio.

你不会过得太艰苦;每个房间都配备了一部电话和一台可以接收3个频道的收音机。

用作定语～+ n.

1. The cat had a rough tongue.
   猫的舌头表面很粗糙。
2. They knocked together a rough box with wooden boards.
   他们用木板草草地做成了一个粗糙的箱子。
3. He took some nails and bits of wood, and built them into a rough cupboard.
   他拿了钉子和木头,做了一个粗糙的食品橱。
4. In the dark our jeep bumped along the rough mountain road.
   黑夜里我们的吉普车在崎岖的山路上颠簸。
5. The Poet's rough life contrasts with his sensitive poetry.
   这个诗人的豪放生活与他缠绵悱恻的诗篇形成鲜明的对照。
6. We had rather a rough time.
   我们经历了一段艰苦的日子。
7. It is a rough idea.
   那仅仅是个初步的想法。
8. It's just a rough drawing.
   这只是一张草图。
9. It was a rough but plentiful dinner with a rough country wine.
   这尽管是一顿粗茶淡饭,但很丰盛,而且还辅以乡间酿制的土酒。
10. It's just a very rough translation.
    这只是一个非常粗糙的译稿。
11. If you give me the rough draft of your article I'll lick it into shape for you.
    如果你愿把文章的草稿给我,我会为你把它修改得像样一些的。
12. He files away the rough edges.
    他把粗毛边锉去。
13. He wears a rough linen shirt and white short pants.
    他穿着粗亚麻布衬衣和白色短裤。
14. As the jewel was in the rough state, he had no idea what size it would be when cut.
    这块宝石未经琢磨,他不知道加工后有多大。
15. The ship-wrecked sailors were able to fit a rough shelter together from building materials that they found on the island.
    这些落难的水手在岛上找到一些建筑材料搭了一个简陋的房子。
16. Would it be wise to launch into this rough sea?
    到这样汹涌的大海中游泳明智吗?
17. The ship was badly knocked about by a rough sea.
    船被巨浪颠簸得很厉害。

用作表语S+be+～

1. This paper feels rough.
   这纸摸起来是粗糙的。
2. I think Jones has tended to get just a little rough.
   我觉得琼斯变得有点粗鲁了。
3. His reply was a bit rough.
   他的答复过于粗鲁了一点。
4. Should the weather be rough, we won't be able to go riding.
   万一是狂风暴雨的天气,我们就不能去骑马。
5. The water was rough and, despite our low speed, we were drenched by spray.
   水上风浪很大,尽管我们的航速不快,飞溅的浪花仍湿透了我们的全身。
6. The trip was rough.
   这次旅行很艰苦。
7. Things are rough all over.
   情况非常困难。

S+be+～+ prep .-phrase

1. She is rough in speech.
   她说话粗鲁。
2. He is rough in manner.
   他的举止不文雅。
3. It's rather rough on him, having to work when other people are on holiday.
   其他人度假时他得工作,他真倒霉。
4. You've been pretty rough on the children.
   你对孩子的态度太粗暴了。
5. Don't be so rough with the child.
   对小孩不要这样粗暴。
6. Her hands are rough with hard work.
   她的手因干粗活而变得很粗糙。

S+be+～+to- v

1. This paper is too rough to write on.
   这种纸太粗糙,不能写字。

用作状语

1. I can live rough for a bit in the countryside.
   在农村我的生活可随便一些。
2. Don't treat him rough.
   不要待他这样无礼。
3. That fellow will cut up rough.
   那个家伙要撒野。
4. The wanderer has to sleep rough.
   这个流浪汉到处为家。
5. He estimated rough that his rate of profit would be ten percent at the outside.
   他大致地估计一下,他的利润最多不过10%。
6. The coach chews out rough lazy players who slept for the whole morning.
   教练狠狠地指责了那些睡了一个上午的懒队员。

用作及物动词S+～+ n./pron.

1. Don't rough my hair.
   别弄乱我的头发。
2. The explorers had to rough it when they got into the jungle.
   那些探险家进入丛林后,不得不过着艰苦的生活。
3. Living in a tent is not for me,I don't like roughing it.
   住在帐篷里不合适,我不喜欢过艰苦的生活。
1
4. Satin is very easily roughed.
   缎子很容易起毛。

give the rough side of one's tongue

对某人说出不客气的话 show a lack of gentleness, good manners to sb
give sb the rough side of one's tongue

I had to give him the rough side of my tongue to show my indignation.

我不得不狠狠地骂他一顿来出这口气。

play rough

粗暴地做 do sth in the way that is not in a gentle way; do sth in the way that used force

rough in (v.+adv.)

画…的轮廓 put in a few practice lines in a drawing
rough sth ⇔ in

I'll just rough in the shape of the head and you can paint the sky round it.

我先把头像的轮廓画出来,你再给周围的天空涂色。

rough out (v.+adv.)

作出,写出 make a first plan of a drawing or piece of writing
rough sth ⇔ out

I'll just rough out the whole picture and you can do the details.

这幅画让我先大致画出整个布局,你再加上细节。

～+名词

• rough%20road">rough road崎岖的道路
• rough%20sea">rough sea狂暴的大海
• rough%20time">rough time辛酸时期
• rough%20weather">rough weather恶劣的天气

～+介词

• rough%20on">rough on对…粗暴的

～+名词

• rough%20one%27s%20hair">rough one's hair弄乱头发

～+副词

• rough%20curiously">rough curiously好奇地过简陋的生活
• rough%20dreadfully">rough dreadfully非比寻常地过简陋的生活
• rough%20extremely">rough extremely极端地过简陋的生活
• rough%20pleasantly">rough pleasantly愉快地过简陋的生活
• rough%20stiffly">rough stiffly极度地过简陋的生活
• rough%20uncomfortably">rough uncomfortably不自在地过简陋的生活
• rough%20uncommonly">rough uncommonly不平凡地过简陋的生活
• rough%20in">rough in画…的轮廓
• rough%20out">rough out作出,写出

• O'er rough and smooth she trips along.

  出自：Wordsworth

• The rough granite surface of the column.

  出自：G. Vidal

• I felt its rough lip against my bare arm.

  出自：G. Swift

• The hurricane roughs up the straw on..the ricks.

  出自：R. Jefferies

• If he roughed my suit, so much the better: I intend to rough his.

  出自：E. Childers

adj.(形容词)

1. rough指表面看起来或摸上去不平整的东西,用于产品时则表示未经打磨的,还可引申为“(言行)粗野的”“(质量)粗劣的”“(作品)未经润色的”“(处境)艰难的”等意思。
2. rough可用very修饰。

adv.(副词)

1. rough用作副词时意思是“简陋地”,引申可指“粗暴地”“大致地”。
2. rough在句中主要用作状语。

v.(动词)

1. rough的基本意思是“使粗糙”,多指使质料不精细或使之不光滑。引申可表示“过简陋的生活”。
2. rough通常只用作及物动词,接名词、代词作宾语。

1. rough与roughen的比较：两者分别都可作及物动词与不及物动词。在表示“变得粗暴”时，一般习惯上多用roughen来表示，不用rough。或者是可以用短语rough up来表示。表示“粗暴地对待”时，一般多用rough，且多与副词in/off/out连用，如rough a horse（殴打马）。名词rough表示“杂草丛生的地区”，take things in the rough与rough it有相同的意思，表示“艰难地生活”。

adj.(形容词)

rough, coarse, harsh, rude

这组词的共同意思是“粗鲁的”“粗糙的”。其区别在于：

1.rough强调言行是粗鲁的。例如:

Many a rough man has been civilized by his wife.许多粗野的男人都被妻子教好了。

Don't be so rough with the child.不要对小孩这样粗暴。

His manners are very rough.他的举止非常无礼。

2.rude强调其源于教育差、文化低。例如:

It's rude to peep.偷看别人是不礼貌的。

He was severely reproached for his rude behaviour.他因行为粗鲁而受到严厉指责。

All of us were astonished that Mr. White was so rude to him.怀特先生对他如此无礼,使我们都感到惊异。

3.coarse则强调由于粗鲁而引起的厌恶心理。例如:

He is coarse in manner.他举止粗鲁。

It's a coarse joke.这是个粗俗的玩笑。

She used to be coarse of speech.她过去说话很粗鲁。

4.harsh侧重于指给人以感官上的粗糙、不和谐的感觉。例如:

The colour is very harsh.那颜色很刺眼。

The cloth is harsh to the touch.这块布料摸上去很粗糙。

The noise is harsh to the ear.那噪声很刺耳。

The surface of the table is very harsh.那张桌子的表面非常粗糙。

rough，coarse，harsh，rude，crude

这些形容词均有“粗糙”之意。

rough普通用词，指某物表面凹凸不平，天气恶劣，（态度）粗暴，（计算)粗略。

coarse指某物质地低劣或编织、加工等不精细。也指(言谈)粗俗。

harsh指外表、性质、声音的粗糙、刺耳、刺目，强调使人不愉快感。

rude指加工粗糙、不精细。尤指行为举止粗鲁无礼，缺乏修养。

crude主要指未经加工处理尚处于自然状态的物质；食物或水果的不熟。

adj.(形容词)

他们用那种粗暴无礼的态度顶撞我,我可受不了。

误 I won't have them answer me back in that rough manner.

正 I won't have them answer me back in that rude manner.

裁判员警告运动员们不要粗鲁。

误 The referee warned the players not to be so rude.

正 The referee warned the players not to be so rough.

析 rough强调粗鲁的言行不够文雅; 而rude强调其源于教育差、文化低。

• ☆ 直接源自古英语的ruh，意为不平的，未作的；最初源自西日耳曼语的rukhwaz，意为毛茸茸的。