n.(名词)

1. [U][C]流通,循环 the flow of gas or liquid around a closed system
2. [U]流通,传播 the movement of sth, such as news or money, from place or from person to person
3. [S]发行量 the average number of copies of a newspaper, magazine, etc., that are regularly sold

Noun:

1. the dissemination of copies of periodicals (as newspapers or magazines)

2. movement through a circuit; especially the movement of blood through the heart and blood vessels

3. (library science) the count of books that are loaned by a library over a specified period

4. number of copies of a newspaper or magazine that are sold;

   "by increasing its circulation the newspaper hoped to increase its advertising"
   

5. free movement or passage (as of cytoplasm within a cell or sap through a plant);

   "ocean circulation is an important part of global climate"
   "a fan aids air circulation"
   

6. the spread or transmission of something (as news or money) to a wider group or area

1.(报纸、杂志的)发行量，销售量
Thecirculation of a newspaper or magazine is the number of copies that are sold each time it is produced.

circulation的解释

e.g. The Daily News once had the highestcirculation of any daily in the country...
《每日新闻报》的发行量曾位居全国所有日报之首。
e.g. The paper has proved unable to maintain itscirculation figures.
事实证明这家报纸难以维持其发行量。

2.血液循环
Yourcirculation is the movement of blood through your body.

e.g. Anyone with heart, lung orcirculation problems should seek medical advice before flying.
有心肺疾病或血液循环问题的人在乘坐飞机前应寻求医生建议。
e.g. ...cold spots in the fingers caused by poorcirculation.
血液循环不畅导致的手指上的冻疮

3. see also: circulate

4.(货币等)流通/不流通/退出流通
If something such as money isin circulation, it is being used by the public. If something isout of circulation or has beenwithdrawn from circulation, it is no longer available for use by the public.

e.g. The supply of money incirculation was drastically reduced overnight.
流通领域的货币供应量一夜骤减。
e.g. ...a society like America, with perhaps 180 million guns incirculation.
像美国这样一个约有1.8亿支枪流散在外的社会

5.(一段时间)不出现在公共场合，不参加社交活动;坐牢;服刑
If someone isout of circulation, they do not appear in public or at social gatherings for a period of time. You can also say that someone isout of circulation when they are in prison.

circulation的反义词

e.g. Political trials were being used to keep prominent activists out ofcirculation...
通过对著名活动家进行政治审判使其从公众视线中消失。
e.g. I had been out ofcirculation for a month and knew that many friends would be there.
我有一个月深居简出，不过我知道许多朋友正等着我。

1. 发行量：2.发行量(circulation)在印刷媒体的印制量中,每期实际发行到读者手中的数. 媒体比重3.收视率(Rating)收看某电视节目的个人或家庭占总人口或家庭数的比率. 4.总收视点(GRP-Gross Rating Point)所有播出档次收视率的总和.

2. 循环：骨铅: <>(circulation)的一项研究表明,与骨铅水平低的老年人相比,那些骨铅水平高的老年人──即便这些人的血铅水平不高,血铅是检测铅暴露 的最常用指标──寿命要短得多.

3. 环流：而此环流(circulation)会堆动上翼面的空气,使空气加速,因此上表面的流速即较下表面来的快,根据白努利定律,即可知上表面的流速较快,静压较小,上下表面的压力差,即产生一使机翼向上的合力,也就是「升力」.

a daily circulation of more than one million

日发行量超过一百万份

The coins were taken out of circulation .

这种硬币已停止流通。

Copies of the magazine were withdrawn from circulation .

这期杂志有不少已从市场上收回。

Anne has been ill but now she's back in circulation .

安妮一直生病，但现在又回来参加社交活动了。

I was out of circulation for months after the baby was born.

孩子出生后我有几个月都没有参加社交活动。

Regular exercise will improve blood circulation.

经常锻炼会促进血液循环。

to have good'/bad circulation

血液循环良好 / 不畅

the circulation of money'/information'/ideas

货币的流通；消息的传播；观念的流行

A number of forged tickets are in circulation .

有一些假入场券在流通。

The supply of money in circulation was drastically reduced overnight.

流通领域的货币供应量一夜骤减。

...a society like America, with perhaps 180 million guns in circulation.

像美国这样一个约有1.8亿支枪流散在外的社会

Political trials were being used to keep prominent activists out of circulation...

通过对著名活动家进行政治审判使其从公众视线中消失。

I had been out of circulation for a month and knew that many friends would be there.

我有一个月深居简出，不过我知道许多朋友正等着我。

The Daily News once had the highest circulation of any daily in the country...

《每日新闻报》的发行量曾位居全国所有日报之首。

The paper has proved unable to maintain its circulation figures.

事实证明这家报纸难以维持其发行量。

Anyone with heart, lung or circulation problems should seek medical advice before flying.

有心肺疾病或血液循环问题的人在乘坐飞机前应寻求医生建议。

...cold spots in the fingers caused by poor circulation.

血液循环不畅导致的手指上的冻疮

Gentian stimulates the appetite, improves circulation, and can help prevent heartburn.

龙胆草可刺激食欲 、 改善循环及防止胃酸过多.

Conclusion: The method of supplementing qi and activating blood circulation has a much better therapeutic effectiveness.

结论: 益气活血法治疗气虚血瘀型中风具有更好的临床效果.

Suitable for all types of enclosed gear drives with circulation or splash lubrication systems.

最适合用于各种采用循环式或飞溅式润滑方法的密闭式齿轮.

Harvey discovered the circulation of the blood.

哈维发现了血液的循环.

Withdraw dirty banknotes from circulation.

收回肮脏的钞票使之不再流通.

We must constantly adjust the amount of money in circulation.

我们必须对货币的流通不断进行调节.

After a year in the hospital, he's back in circulation.

住了一年医院之后, 他又活跃起来了.

The paper's circulation is anywhere from 50 to 100 thousand.

报纸发行数约为五万至十万份.

The circulation of the magazine has been bumping along for some time at around 30, 000.

一段时间以来,杂志的销量一直在三万份上下摇摆.

1. His father has a bad circulation.
   他父亲血液循环不好。
2. A number of forged banknotes are in circulation.
   市面上有一定数量的伪钞在流通。
3. The ideas have been in circulation for some time.
   这些想法已经流行了一段时间。
4. This magazine has a large circulation.
   这本杂志发行量很大。

动词+～

• circulation">obtain a wide circulation获得广泛的销路
• circulation">improve blood circulation促进血液循环

介词+～

• circulation">in circulation在流通中
• circulation">out of circulation退出社交圈子

• I slapped my arms to keep the circulation going.

  出自：E. Hemingway

n.(名词)

1. circulation作“流通”解时,可指体内血液循环,水、空气的流通,还可指货币等的流通。指报纸杂志等的“发行量”时,常用单数形式。